Hereditary System

Qi founded the Xia Dynasty ( 21st-16th century BC ) and initiated the hereditary system of monarchy .

启建立了夏朝（公元前21世纪至公元前16世纪）并开启了君主世袭制。

The monarchal regime is a hereditary system state , and the produce of the king is limited to a small range .

君主制国家实行世袭制，国王产生的范围很小。

Imperial examination aimed to avoid the drawback of hereditary system .

科举考试是为了矫正世卿世禄制的社会弊端而产生。

Since then , the hereditary system had been practiced . Thus , China stepped into a class society .

从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。

It formed an interest group of hereditary system which took the study of Confucian classics as their political capital .

形成了以经学为政治资本的世袭化利益集团。

Under the principate , most emperors with the highest authority favored the hereditary system .

在元首制下，皇帝拥有最高统治权，大多数皇帝都希望将皇位世袭。

Li Kui changed the old hereditary system , and put two new agricultural policies into practice , which encouraged peasants to develop agriculture and stabilized food prices .

李悝改变旧的“世卿世禄”制度，实行“尽地力”与“善平籴”两项农业政策，鼓励农民积极发展生产，稳定粮食价格。

Especially in such kind of society where the hereditary system is very obvious , one 's political status and political identity can decide or affect his control of right and the way of development .

尤其是在一个世袭身份制特征非常明显的社会，一个人的政治地位和政治身份直接决定和影响着其权利的享有和发展的路径。

At present , the Peers of Life which were emerged in 1958 and have nothing to do with the hereditary system , are the cardinal part in the House of Lord .

与世袭制无关的终身贵族则是出现于1958年，目前他们是议会上议院的主体。

Traditionally , people obtain and show their social identity based on hereditary system , bloodline , race and so on , thus it is unnecessary to obtain more symbols for acquisition of social identity .

在传统时代人们根据世袭、血统、种族等去获得、表现自己的社会身份，因此获得社会身份无需更多的符号化。

Shangyang 's reforms include abolishing the outdated well-field system , legalizing the private ownership of land , canceling the hereditary system of rank and initiating a county system .

商鞅变法包括废除过时的井田制，使土地私有制合法化，取消职级的世袭制，改用县制。

In history , the establishment and formation of a Chinese village is very complicated , it is influenced not only by the heterogeneity of the country but also by the power structure and hereditary system of the village .

中国的农村，在历史时空上的建构有十分复杂的机理，它不仅与非均质国家有多重的互动关系，而且与村庄的权力结构和传承机制相勾连。

After thousands of years of feudal rule , strict social hierarchy , absolutism and patriarchal system as well as a high degree of integration , traditional Chinese society has formed a kind of a hereditary system , patriarchal privilege system characterized by social hierarchy .

中国传统社会历经几千年的封建统治，社会等级森严，专制主义和宗法制度高度融合，形成了世袭制、家长制与特权制为特征的社会等级制度。

In 382 B. C. , Chu King Dao designated Wu Qi to reform . Similar to Li Kui , he focused his reform on the hereditary system , selecting and appointing persons on their merits , rewards and punishments being rigid .

周安王二十年（公元前382年），楚悼王任用吴起进行变法，他改革的重点和李悝一样，主要也是在于削弱旧的“世卿世禄”制度，选贤任能，赏罚严明。

Discussion on Development , Evolvement and Influence of Hereditary Election System in the Liao Dynasty

论辽朝世选制度的发展变化及其影响

On the Status of Soldiers in the Hereditary Conscription System and Its Realization Mechanism

试论世兵制军人地位及其实现机制

Aristocratic Political Characteristics of The Hereditary Election System ( HES ) in Liao Dynasty and Its Effect

辽朝世选制度的贵族政治特色及其影响

The third part , described the salary of a government official system establishment process , analyzed the reason that the salary of a government official system to replace the hereditary salary system .

第三部分，描述了俸禄制度建立的过程，分析了俸禄制度代替世禄制度的原因。

Pointed out in the hereditary title system essence is under the aristocrat hereditary system the rank and emoluments gathers a system , but because of title makes the wealth .

第四部分，比较了世禄制和俸禄制的异同，指出世禄制实质上是贵族世袭制下爵禄合一的制度，因爵而制禄。

On the other hand , as a result of old family own decline , the clan-law blood relationship relations disintegration causes the hereditary laurels system to continue with difficulty preserve .

另一方面，由于世族自身的衰落，宗法血缘关系的解体使得世禄制难以继续维持下去。

The author through the analysis discovery as a result of the week dynasty decline , the Western Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Period heyday was already unable hereditary laurels system to the Spring and Autumn Period mid and late part with the patriarchal system and the Zhou courtesy controls .

笔者通过分析发现由于周王朝的衰落，西周春秋时代极盛的世禄制度到春秋中后期已经无法用宗法制度和周礼加以控制。

Evaluation and Reflection on Hereditary - doctor System in Ming Dynasty

明朝世医制度评判与启示

Caste , with its hereditary and intermarriage system , is a typical social characteristic in India .

种姓制度是印度社会的特征之一。

With the development of the society , the decadence and the backwardness of Hereditary Local Chieftain System gradually exposed , influencing the social stability , economy development , and even threatening the control of the central government .

随着社会的发展，土司制度的腐朽性和落后性逐渐暴露，影响了社会的稳定、经济的发展，甚至威胁到中央的统治。

Descendance or cessation of the synthesis of β - globin polypeptide caused by deletions or mutations in β - globin gene cluster result in β - thalassemia , one kind of common hereditary disease in hematopoietic system .

β-珠蛋白基因簇中的缺失或突变导致β-珠蛋白肽链合成停止或减少，继而出现β-地中海贫血（简称β-地贫）。